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Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Immunotherapy Treatments vs No Treatment for Peanut Allergy in Children

The first peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) for children was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020. While clinical efficacy is established, evidence on cost-effectiveness-whether the benefits outweigh the costs and adverse effects-remains limited. A variant of OIT, known as probiotic and peanut OIT (PPOIT), has shown similar efficacy in trials.

Citation:
Huang L, Lloyd M, …… O’Sullivan M, Gold M, et al. Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Immunotherapy Treatments vs No Treatment for Peanut Allergy in Children. JAMA Netw Open. 2026;9(3). 

Keywords:
Cost-benefit analysis; desensitization; immunologic; economics; peanut hypersensitivity; therapy; probiotics; therapeutic use; administration, oral; treatment outcome

Abstract:
The first peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) for children was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020. While clinical efficacy is established, evidence on cost-effectiveness-whether the benefits outweigh the costs and adverse effects-remains limited. A variant of OIT, known as probiotic and peanut OIT (PPOIT), has shown similar efficacy in trials.