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Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in Indigenous and non-Indigenous childrenIn Australia and many other developed countries, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is one of the most common reasons for hospitalisation in young...
Research
Association between human rhinovirus C and severity of acute asthma in childrenA new and potentially more pathogenic group of human rhinovirus (HRV), group C (HRVC), has recently been discovered.
Research
Comparison of a rapid antigen test with nucleic acid testing during cocirculation of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 09 and Seasonal influena A/H3N2The rapid diagnosis of influenza is critical in optimizing clinical management. Rapid antigen tests have decreased sensitivity in detecting pandemic influenza.
Research
Human Papillomavirus vaccination for the prevention of cervical neoplasia: is it appropriate to vaccinate women older than 26?Cervical cancer mortality has been reduced in Australia because of effective screening programs, but there are still about 800 new cases...
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Rheumatic heart disease remains a major killer in Oceania regionA new study shows that people living in the Oceania region, including Australia, have the highest risk in the world of dying from rheumatic heart disease.
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Association of gestational age and growth measures at birth with infection-related admissions to hospital throughout childhoodChildren who were born with reduced gestational age, birthweight, and birth length have persistently increased rates of infection-related admissions to hospital until age 18 years
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The global distribution and the risk prediction of relapsing fever group Borrelia: a data review with modelling analysisThe recent discovery of emerging relapsing fever group Borrelia (RFGB) species, such as Borrelia miyamotoi, poses a growing threat to public health. However, the global distribution and associated risk burden of these species remain uncertain. We aimed to map the diversity, distribution, and potential infection risk of RFGB.
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Estimating the impact of test–trace–isolate–quarantine systems on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in AustraliaAustralian states and territories used test-trace-isolate-quarantine (TTIQ) systems extensively in their response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021. We report on an analysis of Australian case data to estimate the impact of test-trace-isolate-quarantine systems on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Research
Impact of Host and Bacterial Metabolism on Antibiotic SusceptibilityAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global healthcare emergency, directly causing 1.3 million deaths per year and predicted to increase dramatically over the coming decades. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning antibiotic resistance is central to approaches for AMR surveillance and diagnosis in a clinical laboratory.
Research
Drug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in children in the Oceania region: review of the epidemiology, antimicrobial availability, treatment, clinical trial and pharmacokineticGram-negative bacterial infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and neonates globally, compounded by the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Barriers to paediatric antibiotic licencing lead to reduced availability of potentially effective agents for treatment. For children and neonates in the Oceania region, specific challenges remain including a paucity of surveillance data on local rates of antimicrobial resistance, and lack of availability of newer, more costly agents.