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Population-specific heterogeneity in ontogeny of the broadly-conserved blood transcriptional program during the first week of life

Previous research has shown that immune development during the first week of life, i.e. ontogeny, is progressive, consistent and robust, involving large numbers of differentially expressed genes at each sampled time point.

A randomized prospective study of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity in The Gambia and Papua New Guinea

Protection of newborns from infection can be achieved through maternal or vaccine-induced antibodies, but the factors influencing vaccine protection (correlate of protection) and subsequent infant immunity remain insufficiently understood. Further investigation is essential to optimize early-life vaccination strategies.

Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Australian Children 2016–2022: A Prospective Surveillance Study of Serogroup Distribution and Clinical Presentation in the Meningococcal Vaccine Era

Although uncommon, invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) results in death in 5%-10% of cases in healthy children and adolescents. This study aimed to examine demographics, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of Australian children hospitalized with IMD during the introduction of the meningococcal vaccine program, overall and by serogroup/disease severity. 

Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Immunotherapy Treatments vs No Treatment for Peanut Allergy in Children

The first peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) for children was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020. While clinical efficacy is established, evidence on cost-effectiveness-whether the benefits outweigh the costs and adverse effects-remains limited. A variant of OIT, known as probiotic and peanut OIT (PPOIT), has shown similar efficacy in trials.

Association between village coverage of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage among children aged 0–59 months with pneumonia in Papua New Guinea

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) prevents pneumococcal disease and pneumonia, but indirect effects are poorly understood in low-coverage, high-burden settings like Papua New Guinea (PNG). PNG introduced 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in 2014. We aimed to assess direct and indirect effectiveness of PCV13 against vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage among children with pneumonia or suspected meningitis in PNG

FeBRILe3: Caregiver Satisfaction With Early Discharge of Febrile Infants Under 3 Months Old

Although evidence supports clinicians to "safely do less" for febrile infants assessed as low risk of serious bacterial infection (SBI), early discharge may increase caregiver concern and reduce satisfaction with care. We captured the self-reported satisfaction and concerns for families enrolled in the study of fever, blood cultures and readiness for discharge in infants less than 3 months old (FeBRILe3), a prospective safety assessment of early discharge of low-risk febrile infants, to aid evaluation of this practice. 

Safety and immunogenicity of a genetically inactivated stand-alone acellular pertussis vaccine as a booster to Australian adults: a randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial

Waning immunity after acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines shown in pertussis outbreaks highlights the need for more effective aP vaccines.

A Phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine given as a series of 2 infant doses and 1 toddler dose in healthy infants (NeXXstep)

Jennifer Peter Kent Richmond RN MBBS MRCP(UK) FRACP Clinical Research Manager Head, Vaccine Trials Group Jennifer.Kent@thekids.org.au Clinical

AusVaxSafety

Christopher Peter Peter Tom Blyth Jacoby Richmond Snelling MBBS (Hons) DCH FRACP FRCPA PhD BA (Hons) MSc MBBS MRCP(UK) FRACP BMBS DTMH GDipClinEpid

OPTIMUM: OPTimising IMmunisation Using Mixed schedules

Pat Peter Susan Tom Jennifer Holt Richmond Prescott Snelling Kent PhD, DSc, FRCPath, FRCPI, FAA MBBS MRCP(UK) FRACP MBBS BMedSci PhD FRACP BMBS DTMH